Author name: aventino

February 2025, article by Prof. Guido Castelli Gattinara, infectious disease specialist and pediatrician at Aventino Medical Group. The flu vaccine is one of the best strategies to prevent influenza and its complications. Not only does it protect your health, but it also helps reduce the spread of the virus within the community, safeguarding vulnerable individuals and family members. Discover why it is important, who should get vaccinated, the available types of vaccines, potential complications, and debunk the most common myths. Why is the flu vaccine important? Influenza is not just a simple fever: every year, it causes millions of cases worldwide and can lead to serious, sometimes fatal complications. Here’s why the vaccine is essential:✅ Reduces personal risk of severe illness.✅ Protects vulnerable individuals.✅ Helps prevent complications such as pneumonia or respiratory failure.✅ Contributes to reducing the burden on healthcare systems. How does the vaccine work? The vaccine stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against the most common influenza strains of the specific season. Although it does not provide total protection, it significantly reduces the severity of the illness and the risk of complications. Who should get the flu vaccine? Priority groups for vaccination: 👶 Children aged 6 months and older (RECOMMENDED)Their immune systems are less developed, making them more susceptible to complications. They also live in close-contact environments, increasing their risk of infection. 👵 Elderly individuals (over 65 years) (RECOMMENDED)With age, the immune system weakens, increasing the risk of severe flu symptoms and complications. 💉 People with chronic conditions (RECOMMENDED)Those with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, autoimmune diseases, or other chronic conditions are at higher risk of flu-related complications. 🤰 Pregnant women (RECOMMENDED)The vaccine protects both the mother and the newborn in the first months of life, when the baby’s immune system is still immature. 👨⚕️ Healthcare workers and caregiversSince they are in close contact with vulnerable individuals, getting vaccinated is an act of responsibility to prevent the spread of the virus. Even asymptomatic infections can transmit the virus to patients and family members. 🏢 Workers and studentsCrowded environments, such as schools, offices, and public transportation, increase the risk of transmission. What types of flu vaccines are available? 💉 Inactivated Vaccine (IIV)Contains killed viruses and is administered intramuscularly. Suitable for children aged 6 months and older and adults. ⚡ Adjuvanted Vaccine (aIIV)Includes an adjuvant that enhances the immune response. Recommended for adults over 50 and the elderly. 🔬 Subunit or Split VaccineContains fragments of the virus, reducing the risk of adverse reactions. Suitable for everyone from 6 months of age, including pregnant women, chronic patients, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Certain subunit and fibroblast-cultured vaccines minimize the risk of rare allergic reactions and are recommended for children from 24 months and adults. 👃 Intranasal Vaccine (LAIV)Contains live attenuated viruses and is administered via nasal spray. Recommended for children and adolescents aged 24 months to 18 years (not for pregnant women or individuals with chronic conditions). 🛡️ Quadrivalent VaccineProtects against four influenza strains (two A and two B), identified as the main circulating strains for the season, ensuring broad coverage. Almost all flu vaccines today are quadrivalent. Your doctor will help you choose the most suitable vaccine based on your age and health condition. What are the possible complications of the flu vaccine? The flu vaccine is generally safe, but it may cause side effects, mostly mild: Common effects: Rare effects: ➡️ What to do in case of side effects?For mild symptoms, medications like paracetamol or emollient creams may help (consult a doctor first). In case of severe reactions, contact a doctor immediately. Flu vaccine: myths vs. facts 🔍 “The vaccine gives you the flu.”❌ False. The vaccine contains inactivated (only virus fragments) or attenuated viruses that cannot cause the illness. 🔍 “I never get sick, so I don’t need it.”❌ False. Even those who don’t develop severe symptoms can still carry and transmit the virus to vulnerable individuals. 🔍 “The vaccine isn’t effective, so it’s useless.”❌ False. While it doesn’t guarantee total protection, it significantly reduces symptom severity and the risk of complications. A multidisciplinary approach to vaccination Flu vaccination often involves collaboration between different medical specialties: Frequently asked questions (FAQ) 📌 When should I get the flu vaccine?The ideal time is between October and December, before the peak of flu season. 📌 Who should not get the flu vaccine?People who have had severe allergic reactions to the vaccine or any of its components. 📌 Where can I get vaccinated against the flu?At your primary care physician’s office, authorized pharmacies, or specialized medical centers. 📌 How long does the flu vaccine protection last?The protection lasts approximately 6 to 12 months, which is why annual vaccination is recommended. Conclusion: the flu vaccine is an investment in your health Getting vaccinated against the flu is a smart decision to protect both yourself and the community from seasonal influenza and its complications. Whether you are in a high-risk category or frequently exposed to potential infections, the flu vaccine is a safe and effective option. Staying informed and relying on trustworthy sources is essential for making well-informed health decisions. Talk to your doctor and consider getting vaccinated to face flu season with greater protection.

January 2025 – Corinne Perisse, Psychotherapist The holidays: a mix of joy and guilt The holiday season, filled with conviviality and abundance, often leaves many feeling guilty after overindulging at the table. This common emotion doesn’t have to be a burden—it can be an opportunity for self-reflection and deeper understanding. Where does guilt arise? When guilt surfaces after overeating, take a moment to reflect: These are just some of the questions we could explore together in therapy. The aim is not just to analyze guilt but also to release you from what holds you back, fostering new awareness and empowering decisions. Uncovering the roots of guilt You may be surprised by how much a single emotion can uncover deeper aspects of your life. In therapy, we use tools like Transactional Analysis to create a shared language and work together on the beliefs that limit your freedom. The scripts that influence our behavior Many of our holiday behaviors are shaped by unconscious “scripts” that guide our actions: Recognizing these patterns is the first step toward asking yourself:Am I truly following my desires, or am I adhering to an imposed script? Overcoming personal limits Once you’ve identified these automatisms, reflect further: These reflections provide a glimpse of the work we can do in psychotherapy. It’s a safe space to rediscover yourself, overcome barriers, and find an authentic balance. Take a moment for yourself Psychotherapy offers a moment of listening and growth, an opportunity to set aside the scripts that hold you back and embrace fresh perspectives. It’s a chance to rediscover yourself and live more freely and consciously. Take care of yourself and your well-being. I would be delighted to welcome you for an appointment—in Italian or French—to support you on your journey to balance and serenity. 👉 Click here to book your session with me, Corinne Perisse, psychotherapist at Aventino Medical Group.Together, let’s move toward your well-being.

January 2025 – Prof. Manon KhazraiAssociate Professor of Food Science and Applied Dietetic TechniquesDepartmental Faculty of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One HealthCampus Bio-Medico University of Rome The holidays are filled with joy, indulgence, and delicious meals. But as the festivities come to an end, it’s common to feel a little heavier. With abundant dinners, rich treats, and irresistible desserts, gaining a few pounds is completely normal. The good news? Getting back in shape is easier—and more enjoyable—than you might think. Here are practical tips to help you restart your journey with lightness and mindfulness: 1. plenty of vegetables! Vegetables are more than just a colorful addition to your plate—they’re packed with essential vitamins, fiber, and minerals. They keep you full with fewer calories and aid digestion. Make them a consistent part of your daily meals. 2. seasonal fruit: your natural ally Choose citrus fruits like oranges and mandarins, but eat them whole rather than juiced. This way, you’ll enjoy the benefits of vitamin C and fiber, which keep you feeling fuller for longer. 3. don’t skip meals! Skipping meals or eating too little isn’t the solution—it can actually backfire by triggering uncontrollable hunger later. Instead, focus on balanced, nutritious meals that provide steady energy throughout your day. 4. limit saturated fats Cut back on processed meats, aged cheeses, and foods high in saturated fats. These foods can make you feel sluggish and make it harder to return to your desired shape. 5. move every day! Even small changes in your routine can make a big difference. Aim for a 30-minute walk daily or three weekly sessions of your favorite physical activity. Whether it’s dancing, cycling, or a brisk walk, staying active and choosing something you enjoy is key. 6. allow yourself a conscious indulgence A cheat meal can be part of a healthy lifestyle—just do it mindfully. Allow yourself one guilt-free indulgence per week and then return to your healthy habits. This approach helps keep you motivated without feeling deprived. 7. eat mindfully Pay attention to your portions, chew your food slowly, and listen to your body’s cues. Stop eating when you feel full. Mindful eating not only prevents overeating but also enhances your enjoyment of every meal. 8. small steps lead to big results Small daily actions, like drinking more water, moving a little more, and focusing on self-care, can have a profound impact. You don’t need drastic changes—just start. Looking to adapt your diet to your clinical needs? I’m here to help you evaluate your diet and provide personalized guidance tailored to your unique situation. Schedule your consultation at Aventino Medical Group and take the first step toward achieving your health goals. 👉 Book your consultation here.

January 2025 – Dr. Stefano Picca, Nephrologist During the holiday season or nights out with friends, it’s easy to indulge in some dietary excess or have one drink too many. While an occasional episode might seem harmless, it’s important to understand how these behaviors can impact kidney health, especially when repeated over time. The function of the kidneys The kidneys are vital organs that filter the blood, remove toxins, regulate bodily fluids, and maintain the balance of essential substances like glucose, proteins, and minerals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, or phosphorus. However, excessive consumption of salty, fatty, or protein-rich foods, or alcohol abuse, can impair kidney function, sometimes irreversibly (Chronic Kidney Disease – CKD). In severe cases, this can lead to dialysis or kidney transplantation. Water plays a crucial role in preventing such damage. Does what we eat affect kidney function? Yes.Long-term studies show that red meat, processed meat, high-fat cheeses, and sugary soft drinks are associated with an increased risk of CKD, while dairy products, vegetables, and legumes reduce this risk. The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) and the Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, have proven effective in preventing CKD (1). Does how much water we drink affect kidney function? Yes.Drinking insufficient water causes dehydration, a condition linked to serious health issues, especially in older adults, such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, strokes, and heart attacks. Reduced thirst perception in older adults and social or environmental factors like isolation or embarrassment to use the restroom can exacerbate the risk (2). Can alcohol damage the kidneys? Yes.Excessive alcohol consumption leads to dehydration and high blood pressure, both of which severely harm the kidneys. High blood pressure is, alongside diabetes, one of the leading causes of dialysis and kidney transplantation (3). How to protect kidney health Prevention is key. Here are practical tips from the Italian Society of Nephrology (4): Conclusion Taking care of your kidneys means taking care of your overall health. If you have questions or wish to check your kidney health, I would be happy to assist you. Schedule an appointment with me, Dr. Stefano Picca, nephrologist at the Aventino Medical Group. Together, we can work to protect your kidney health. References

January 2025 – Dr. Andrea Bezzeccheri, Cardiologist Excessive eating and uncontrolled alcohol consumption aren’t merely disruptions to daily routines. They can profoundly impact your cardiovascular health, raising the risk of developing severe conditions or worsening pre-existing heart diseases. The effects of diet on cardiovascular health An unbalanced diet, through intricate neuro-hormonal and inflammatory pathways, can impair the normal functioning of your heart and blood vessels. Here’s how an unhealthy lifestyle contributes: 1. Hypertension Hypertension is a primary risk factor for heart attacks, strokes, peripheral artery disease, and heart failure. 2. Dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis 3. Insulin resistance and diabetes The impact of excessive alcohol consumption on the heart Consistent and excessive alcohol consumption can have detrimental effects on your cardiovascular system, causing or worsening various conditions: 1. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy Heavy drinking can directly damage the heart muscle, leading to a dilated and weakened heart, known as alcoholic cardiomyopathy. This reduces the heart’s ability to pump blood efficiently, resulting in heart failure. 2. Arrhythmias Even a single episode of excessive drinking can cause arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation. These irregular rhythms increase the risk of stroke and heart failure. 3. Hypertension Alcohol elevates blood pressure, significantly increasing cardiovascular risks. 4. Inflammation and vascular damage Alcohol can provoke systemic inflammation and directly harm blood vessels, accelerating atherosclerosis and increasing the likelihood of coronary artery disease. How dietary and alcohol excesses worsen existing heart conditions For those with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions, dietary and alcohol excesses can exacerbate symptoms and complications: Strategies to protect the heart from excesses Prevention plays a pivotal role in mitigating cardiovascular risks. Consider these strategies: 1. Regular physical activity Moderate aerobic activity for 150–300 minutes weekly, along with resistance exercises twice a week, offers numerous benefits: 2. Balanced nutrition 3. Moderation in alcohol consumption 4. Regular health monitoring Conclusion Excessive eating and alcohol consumption can have a profound impact on your heart health. Understanding these risks and embracing preventive measures are essential for maintaining cardiovascular well-being and extending disease-free years. For a thorough evaluation or personalized advice, I would be delighted to welcome you to my office.  Schedule an appointment with me, Dr. Andrea Bezzeccheri, cardiologist at the Aventino Medical Group, and together, we will find the best way to take care of your heart.

January 2025 – Dr. Alessio Maiorino, Endocrinologist Holidays are synonymous with fun and conviviality, but they often come with the risk of overindulging in complex carbohydrates (such as pasta, bread, and rice) and simple sugars. These eating habits not only stress the body but also deeply impact the endocrine glands, which are responsible for regulating metabolism. Let’s explore how our body reacts. What role do endocrine glands play when you overeat? When we consume excessive amounts of food, especially complex carbohydrates and sugars, our endocrine system activates a series of hormonal responses. Each gland involved plays a unique yet interconnected role. 1. Pancreas: the regulator of blood sugar The pancreas plays a central role in the absorption of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins through its exocrine function (producing digestive enzymes) and in managing blood glucose levels through its endocrine function.After sugar-rich meals, this gland produces insulin to lower blood sugar levels. However, excessive consumption forces the pancreas into overdrive, increasing the risk of insulin resistance. This condition, where the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin, can lead over time to the development of type 2 diabetes. 2. Hypothalamus: hunger and satiety under pressure The hypothalamus, located in the brain, regulates hunger and satiety signals through hormones such as leptin and ghrelin.A diet high in sugars can disrupt these signals, reducing the responsiveness of satiety centers to normal daily caloric intake, creating a dangerous vicious cycle. 3. Adrenal glands: the response to metabolic stress The adrenal glands release cortisol, known as the “stress hormone.”An unbalanced diet can chronically increase cortisol levels, contributing to the accumulation of visceral fat. This type of fat is not just an aesthetic concern; it significantly raises the risk of cardiovascular diseases. 4. Thyroid: the core of basal metabolism Thyroid hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) regulate basal metabolism.Frequent overeating can interfere with thyroid function, slowing down metabolism and promoting weight gain. Additionally, increased systemic fat tissue “sequesters” a significant portion of these hormones, making them less available in circulation. What is reactive hypoglycemia? After a meal rich in refined sugars, the pancreas’s heightened insulin production can cause a rapid drop in blood sugar levels two to three hours later, a condition known as reactive hypoglycemia. This condition manifests with symptoms such as: How to protect the endocrine system To mitigate the negative effects of overeating, it’s essential to adopt strategies that support the proper functioning of the endocrine glands: When should you consult an endocrinologist? If you experience persistent symptoms such as: It’s important to consult an endocrinologist. Endocrine imbalances can significantly affect quality of life, but timely medical intervention can help restore balance. Conclusion Remember: mindful eating habits and attention to your body’s signals are essential for maintaining a healthy metabolism, not just during the holidays but all year round. For more information or personalized advice, I would be delighted to welcome you at Aventino Medical Group.Book your appointment here: together, we’ll find the best solutions to care for your health.